{ "dataset": "Warehouse Layout Statistics & Standards dataset", "version": "1.1", "publisher": "Grand Rapids Dock Door Repair Research", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "data_vintages": "2018 survey; individual employment periods, editions, source dates and check dates are recorded per row", "methodology": "Original documentary compilation; no new warehouse survey, facility measurement or modeled layout-performance claim. Manufacturer and publisher conventions are attributed, not promoted to empirical standards.", "verification_tiers": { "★": "Stated field checked directly against primary source within record scope; publisher statement is not empirical verification.", "historical_only": "Source archive status checked; not a current requirement.", "catalog_identification": "Publication title and edition checked; full technical standard not read.", "not_published": "No numerical claim published; null is not zero or suppression.", "source_suppressed": "EIA publishes Q; no imputation." }, "source_status_notes": { "EIA_Q": "Withheld under EIA publication criteria; not zero.", "EIA_N": "None in sample; not a national zero. Table 3 includes the four-to-nine-floor Q and ten-or-more-floor N rows; export floor-category notes identify these omitted numerical categories.", "EIA_renovation_scope": "Question excludes buildings constructed in 2013 or later.", "primary_source_dates": "A verification date does not change the source vintage." }, "tables": { "cbecs_2018_us_warehouse_layout_profile": [ { "dimension": "All warehouse and storage buildings", "category": "Total", "buildings_thousand": "1004", "floorspace_million_sqft": "17483", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "100.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "100.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "17413", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Warehouse and storage = nonrefrigerated warehouses, distribution/shipping centers, public rental storage, refrigerated warehouses; buildings >1,000 sq ft only 2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-001", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "1,001 to 5,000 sq ft", "buildings_thousand": "437", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1409", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "43.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "8.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "3224", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-002", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "5,001 to 10,000", "buildings_thousand": "255", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1885", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "25.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "10.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "7392", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-003", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "10,001 to 25,000", "buildings_thousand": "194", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3049", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "19.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "17.4", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "15716", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-004", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "25,001 to 50,000", "buildings_thousand": "60", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2199", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "6.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "12.6", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "36650", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-005", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "50,001 to 100,000", "buildings_thousand": "33", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2254", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "3.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "12.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "68303", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-006", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "100,001 to 200,000", "buildings_thousand": "15", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2056", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "1.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "11.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "137067", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-007", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "200,001 to 500,000", "buildings_thousand": "8", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2588", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "0.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "14.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "323500", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-008", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size", "category": "Over 500,000", "buildings_thousand": "2", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2043", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "0.2", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "11.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "1021500", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-009", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size (derived)", "category": "10,000 sq ft or smaller", "buildings_thousand": "692", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3294", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "68.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "18.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "4760", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Sum of the two smallest classes 2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-010", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size (derived)", "category": "Larger than 50,000 sq ft", "buildings_thousand": "58", "floorspace_million_sqft": "8941", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "5.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "51.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "154155", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Sum of the three largest classes + 50,001-100,000 2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-011", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Building size (derived)", "category": "Larger than 100,000 sq ft", "buildings_thousand": "25", "floorspace_million_sqft": "6687", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "2.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "38.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "267480", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Sum of the three largest classes 2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-012", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of floors", "category": "1 floor", "buildings_thousand": "846", "floorspace_million_sqft": "12093", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "84.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "69.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "14294", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "4-9 floors and 10+ floors withheld (Q) or none in sample (N) 2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-013", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of floors", "category": "2 floors", "buildings_thousand": "137", "floorspace_million_sqft": "4098", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "13.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "23.4", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "29912", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "4-9 floors and 10+ floors withheld (Q) or none in sample (N) 2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-014", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of floors", "category": "3 floors", "buildings_thousand": "19", "floorspace_million_sqft": "845", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "1.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "4.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "44474", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "4-9 floors and 10+ floors withheld (Q) or none in sample (N) 2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-015", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": "Northeast", "buildings_thousand": "119", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2398", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "11.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "13.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "20151", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-016", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " New England", "buildings_thousand": "50", "floorspace_million_sqft": "469", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "5.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "2.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "9380", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-017", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " Middle Atlantic", "buildings_thousand": "70", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1929", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "7.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "11.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "27557", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-018", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": "Midwest", "buildings_thousand": "307", "floorspace_million_sqft": "4714", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "30.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "27.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "15355", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-019", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " East North Central (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI)", "buildings_thousand": "206", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3402", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "20.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "19.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "16515", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-020", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " West North Central", "buildings_thousand": "101", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1312", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "10.1", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "7.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "12990", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-021", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": "South", "buildings_thousand": "366", "floorspace_million_sqft": "6365", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "36.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "36.4", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "17391", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-022", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " South Atlantic", "buildings_thousand": "154", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3034", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "15.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "17.4", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "19701", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-023", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " East South Central", "buildings_thousand": "75", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1250", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "7.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "7.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "16667", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-024", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " West South Central", "buildings_thousand": "136", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2080", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "13.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "11.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "15294", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-025", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": "West", "buildings_thousand": "212", "floorspace_million_sqft": "4006", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "21.1", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "22.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "18896", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-026", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " Mountain", "buildings_thousand": "81", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1049", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "8.1", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "6.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "12951", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-027", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Census region / division", "category": " Pacific", "buildings_thousand": "131", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2958", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "13.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "16.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "22580", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-028", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "Before 1920", "buildings_thousand": "Q", "floorspace_million_sqft": "Q", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": null, "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": null, "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": null, "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft. Q is withheld, not zero; derived fields are empty.", "record_id": "profile-029", "publish_status": "source_suppressed", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "1920 to 1945", "buildings_thousand": "22", "floorspace_million_sqft": "436", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "2.2", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "2.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "19818", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-030", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "1946 to 1959", "buildings_thousand": "113", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1208", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "11.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "6.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "10690", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-031", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "1960 to 1969", "buildings_thousand": "68", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1350", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "6.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "7.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "19853", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-032", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "1970 to 1979", "buildings_thousand": "121", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2800", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "12.1", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "16.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "23140", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-033", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "1980 to 1989", "buildings_thousand": "150", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2325", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "14.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "13.3", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "15500", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-034", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "1990 to 1999", "buildings_thousand": "235", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3527", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "23.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "20.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "15009", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-035", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "2000 to 2009", "buildings_thousand": "162", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3087", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "16.1", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "17.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "19056", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-036", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "2010 to 2018", "buildings_thousand": "117", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2491", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "11.7", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "14.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "21291", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-037", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Year constructed", "category": "Constructed 2013 or later", "buildings_thousand": "89", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2157", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "8.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "12.3", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "24236", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-038", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant exterior wall material", "category": "Metal panels", "buildings_thousand": "527", "floorspace_million_sqft": "5707", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "52.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "32.6", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "10829", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-039", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant exterior wall material", "category": "Brick, stone, or stucco", "buildings_thousand": "171", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3068", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "17.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "17.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "17942", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-040", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant exterior wall material", "category": "Concrete (block or poured)", "buildings_thousand": "151", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3609", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "15.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "20.6", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "23901", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-041", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant exterior wall material", "category": "Concrete panels", "buildings_thousand": "43", "floorspace_million_sqft": "4027", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "4.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "23.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "93651", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft. Concrete panels do not identify the construction method or distribution-center use.", "record_id": "profile-042", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant exterior wall material", "category": "Siding or shingles", "buildings_thousand": "90", "floorspace_million_sqft": "851", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "9.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "4.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "9456", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-043", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant roof material", "category": "Metal surfacing", "buildings_thousand": "662", "floorspace_million_sqft": "7114", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "65.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "40.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "10746", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-044", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant roof material", "category": "Synthetic or rubber", "buildings_thousand": "131", "floorspace_million_sqft": "5113", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "13.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "29.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "39031", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-045", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant roof material", "category": "Built-up", "buildings_thousand": "59", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2439", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "5.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "14.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "41339", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-046", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Predominant roof material", "category": "Asphalt, fiberglass, or other shingles", "buildings_thousand": "78", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1408", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "7.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "8.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "18051", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-047", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Roof tilt", "category": "Flat", "buildings_thousand": "227", "floorspace_million_sqft": "7689", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "22.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "44.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "33872", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-048", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Roof tilt", "category": "Shallow pitch", "buildings_thousand": "578", "floorspace_million_sqft": "8364", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "57.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "47.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "14471", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-049", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Roof tilt", "category": "Steeper pitch", "buildings_thousand": "199", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1430", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "19.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "8.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "7186", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-050", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace heated", "category": "Not heated", "buildings_thousand": "455", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3945", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "45.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "22.6", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "8670", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-051", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace heated", "category": "1 to 50% heated", "buildings_thousand": "239", "floorspace_million_sqft": "5332", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "23.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "30.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "22310", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-052", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace heated", "category": "51 to 99% heated", "buildings_thousand": "76", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1603", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "7.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "9.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "21092", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-053", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace heated", "category": "100% heated", "buildings_thousand": "234", "floorspace_million_sqft": "6603", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "23.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "37.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "28218", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-054", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace cooled", "category": "Not cooled", "buildings_thousand": "532", "floorspace_million_sqft": "4303", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "53.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "24.6", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "8088", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-055", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace cooled", "category": "1 to 50% cooled", "buildings_thousand": "313", "floorspace_million_sqft": "9676", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "31.2", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "55.3", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "30914", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-056", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace cooled", "category": "51 to 99% cooled", "buildings_thousand": "76", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1599", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "7.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "9.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "21039", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-057", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Percent of floorspace cooled", "category": "100% cooled", "buildings_thousand": "84", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1905", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "8.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "10.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "22679", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-058", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of workers (main shift)", "category": "Fewer than 5", "buildings_thousand": "717", "floorspace_million_sqft": "5467", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "71.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "31.3", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "7625", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-059", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of workers (main shift)", "category": "5 to 9", "buildings_thousand": "125", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1766", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "12.5", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "10.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "14128", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-060", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of workers (main shift)", "category": "10 to 19", "buildings_thousand": "69", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2121", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "6.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "12.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "30739", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-061", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of workers (main shift)", "category": "20 to 49", "buildings_thousand": "68", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3447", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "6.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "19.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "50691", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-062", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of workers (main shift)", "category": "50 to 99", "buildings_thousand": "17", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2012", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "1.7", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "11.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "118353", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-063", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of workers (main shift)", "category": "100 to 249", "buildings_thousand": "7", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1778", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "0.7", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "10.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "254000", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-064", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Number of workers (main shift)", "category": "250 or more", "buildings_thousand": "1", "floorspace_million_sqft": "891", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "0.1", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "5.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "891000", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-065", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Weekly operating hours", "category": "Fewer than 40", "buildings_thousand": "211", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1838", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "21.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "10.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "8711", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-066", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Weekly operating hours", "category": "40 to 48", "buildings_thousand": "230", "floorspace_million_sqft": "4345", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "22.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "24.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "18891", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-067", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Weekly operating hours", "category": "49 to 60", "buildings_thousand": "200", "floorspace_million_sqft": "4012", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "19.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "22.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "20060", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-068", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Weekly operating hours", "category": "61 to 84", "buildings_thousand": "84", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2075", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "8.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "11.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "24702", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-069", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Weekly operating hours", "category": "85 to 167", "buildings_thousand": "94", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2622", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "9.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "15.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "27894", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-070", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Weekly operating hours", "category": "Open continuously", "buildings_thousand": "185", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2592", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "18.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "14.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "14011", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-071", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Ownership and occupancy", "category": "Owner occupied (nongovernment)", "buildings_thousand": "633", "floorspace_million_sqft": "8867", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "63.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "50.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "14008", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-072", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Ownership and occupancy", "category": "Leased to tenant(s) (nongovernment)", "buildings_thousand": "330", "floorspace_million_sqft": "7999", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "32.9", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "45.8", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "24239", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-073", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Ownership and occupancy", "category": "Government owned", "buildings_thousand": "42", "floorspace_million_sqft": "616", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "4.2", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "3.5", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "14667", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-074", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Selected features (more than one may apply)", "category": "Buildings with manufacturing", "buildings_thousand": "113", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3191", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "11.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "18.3", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "28239", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-075", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Selected features (more than one may apply)", "category": "LED lighting present", "buildings_thousand": "255", "floorspace_million_sqft": "8191", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "25.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "46.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "32122", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-076", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Selected features (more than one may apply)", "category": "High-intensity discharge (HID) lighting present", "buildings_thousand": "58", "floorspace_million_sqft": "1850", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "5.8", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "10.6", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "31897", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-077", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Selected features (more than one may apply)", "category": "Skylights or atriums", "buildings_thousand": "86", "floorspace_million_sqft": "3876", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "8.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "22.2", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "45070", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-078", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Selected features (more than one may apply)", "category": "EV charging stations associated with building", "buildings_thousand": "26", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2504", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "2.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "14.3", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "96308", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "profile-079", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Selected features (more than one may apply)", "category": "Any renovation since 2000", "buildings_thousand": "198", "floorspace_million_sqft": "5232", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "19.7", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "29.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "26424", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft. Renovation question excludes buildings constructed in 2013 or later and covers the renovation types collected by CBECS; it does not establish whether the layout changed.", "record_id": "profile-080", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "dimension": "Selected features (more than one may apply)", "category": "No renovations since 2000", "buildings_thousand": "717", "floorspace_million_sqft": "10093", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "71.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "57.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "14077", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11/B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf ; https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018 (released Sep 2021, revised Dec 2022)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft. Renovation question excludes buildings constructed in 2013 or later and covers the renovation types collected by CBECS; it does not establish whether the layout changed.", "record_id": "profile-081", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." } ], "cbecs_2018_us_warehouse_subcategories": [ { "subcategory": "Warehouse and storage (all)", "buildings_thousand": "1004", "floorspace_million_sqft": "17483", "workers_main_shift_thousand": "7081", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "100.0", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "100.0", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "17413", "median_sqft_per_building": "6000", "median_sqft_per_worker": "2400", "median_operating_hours_per_week": "50", "median_building_age_years": "28", "rse_pct_number_of_buildings": "7.4", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B16", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b16.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "subcategory-001", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "subcategory": "Nonrefrigerated (all)", "buildings_thousand": "1001", "floorspace_million_sqft": "17155", "workers_main_shift_thousand": "6965", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "99.7", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "98.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "17138", "median_sqft_per_building": "6000", "median_sqft_per_worker": "2400", "median_operating_hours_per_week": "50", "median_building_age_years": "28", "rse_pct_number_of_buildings": "7.4", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B16", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b16.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft. Nonrefrigerated subtotal overlaps component subcategories; do not add the subtotal to its parts.", "record_id": "subcategory-002", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "subcategory": " Warehouse (general, nonrefrigerated)", "buildings_thousand": "548", "floorspace_million_sqft": "7050", "workers_main_shift_thousand": "2783", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "54.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "40.3", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "12865", "median_sqft_per_building": "5100", "median_sqft_per_worker": "2000", "median_operating_hours_per_week": "44", "median_building_age_years": "34", "rse_pct_number_of_buildings": "9.3", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B16", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b16.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "subcategory-003", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "subcategory": " Distribution or shipping center", "buildings_thousand": "167", "floorspace_million_sqft": "7998", "workers_main_shift_thousand": "3987", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "16.6", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "45.7", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "47892", "median_sqft_per_building": "14000", "median_sqft_per_worker": "1750", "median_operating_hours_per_week": "50", "median_building_age_years": "36", "rse_pct_number_of_buildings": "14.1", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B16", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b16.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "subcategory-004", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "subcategory": " Self storage units", "buildings_thousand": "285", "floorspace_million_sqft": "2107", "workers_main_shift_thousand": "195", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "28.4", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "12.1", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "7393", "median_sqft_per_building": "5100", "median_sqft_per_worker": "6000", "median_operating_hours_per_week": "168", "median_building_age_years": "20", "rse_pct_number_of_buildings": "18.1", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B16", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b16.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimate, not a 2026 census. Building-share denominator 1,004 thousand; floorspace-share denominator 17,483 million sq ft.", "record_id": "subcategory-005", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." }, { "subcategory": "Refrigerated warehouse", "buildings_thousand": "3", "floorspace_million_sqft": "327", "workers_main_shift_thousand": "117", "share_of_warehouse_buildings_pct": "0.3", "share_of_warehouse_floorspace_pct": "1.9", "mean_sqft_per_building_computed": "109000", "median_sqft_per_building": "53000", "median_sqft_per_worker": "3273", "median_operating_hours_per_week": "80", "median_building_age_years": "39", "rse_pct_number_of_buildings": "44.7", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B16", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b16.pdf", "data_vintage": "2018", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2018 weighted survey estimates. RSE: building count 44.7%, floorspace 27.7%, main-shift workers 30.9%; median RSE not published in this table. No superior reliability is inferred for the median. Shares use 1,004 thousand buildings and 17,483 million sq ft; age is as of 2018.", "record_id": "subcategory-006", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Weighted, rounded EIA 2018 CBECS survey estimates; ratios calculated from the published values, not independently measured facilities." } ], "warehouse_layout_standards_ledger": [ { "group": "Vehicle envelope (federal)", "element": "Trailer/vehicle width states must allow on the National Network", "value": "102", "units": "inches; approximate metric equivalent 2.6 m (102.36 inches)", "governing_document": "23 CFR Part 658", "citation": "23 CFR 658.15(a)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-658/section-658.15", "jurisdiction": "United States (National Network)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "National Network scope; Hawaii width 108 in. Specified safety-device exclusions and permit provisions apply. Road width law is not a dock-opening specification.", "record_id": "standard-001", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Vehicle envelope (federal)", "element": "Minimum semitrailer length states must allow (tractor-semitrailer)", "value": "48", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "23 CFR Part 658", "citation": "23 CFR 658.13(b)(1)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-658/section-658.13", "jurisdiction": "United States (National Network)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Federal minimum that states must allow, not a national maximum. Qualifying grandfathered lengths also apply; no overall tractor-semitrailer length limit may be imposed under 658.13(b)(3).", "record_id": "standard-002", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Vehicle envelope (federal)", "element": "Minimum trailer length in twin-trailer combinations", "value": "28", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "23 CFR Part 658", "citation": "23 CFR 658.13(b)(2)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-658/section-658.13", "jurisdiction": "United States (National Network)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Each trailer in the covered combination; qualifying 28.5-foot grandfathered trailers are addressed separately. National Network scope.", "record_id": "standard-003", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Vehicle envelope (federal)", "element": "Federal vehicle height limit", "value": "None", "units": "—", "governing_document": "FHWA, Federal Size Regulations for Commercial Motor Vehicles", "citation": "FHWA-OP-04-030 (summary of 23 CFR 658)", "source_url": "https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/publications/size_regs_final_rpt/size_regs_final_rpt.pdf", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "FHWA states that there is no federal commercial-motor-vehicle height limit in this framework; state limits and actual route clearances remain relevant.", "record_id": "standard-004", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Vehicle envelope (federal)", "element": "Interstate gross vehicle weight limit", "value": "80,000", "units": "pounds", "governing_document": "23 CFR Part 658", "citation": "23 CFR 658.17", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-658", "jurisdiction": "United States (Interstate)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "General Interstate limit subject to axle and bridge-formula limits and grandfathered/permit exceptions; not a universal maximum for every Michigan vehicle.", "record_id": "standard-005", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Vehicle envelope (Michigan)", "element": "Maximum vehicle height", "value": "13 ft 6 in", "units": "feet-inches", "governing_document": "Michigan Vehicle Code", "citation": "MCL 257.719(1)", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-719", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "General statutory height limit subject to the section's exceptions and permit provisions; actual route clearance is separate.", "record_id": "standard-006", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Vehicle envelope (Michigan)", "element": "Semitrailer length, tractor-semitrailer on designated highways", "value": "53 (no overall combination limit)", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Michigan Vehicle Code", "citation": "MCL 257.719(3)(a)", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-719", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "MCL 257.719(2)(d) lists 50 ft for the ordinary-road tractor-semitrailer provision; subsection (3)(a) permits 53 ft on designated highways. Current section contains no former 37.5–40.5-ft kingpin/rear-axle condition. The local-stop exception names facilities along designated routes, not unrestricted off-route warehouse access.", "record_id": "standard-007", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Vehicle envelope (Michigan)", "element": "Trailer/semitrailer body width", "value": "102", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "Michigan Vehicle Code", "citation": "MCL 257.717(5)", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-719", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Current subsection (5) checked directly. This is trailer/semitrailer outside body width; other vehicle categories and equipment exclusions have separate rules.", "record_id": "standard-008", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (Michigan)", "element": "Commercial building code edition in force", "value": "2021 Michigan Building Code (adopts the 2021 IBC by reference), effective April 9, 2025", "units": "—", "governing_document": "LARA Bureau of Construction Codes, Code Books listing; Part 4 Building Code rules", "citation": "LARA Code Books; Mich. Admin. Code R 408.30401 et seq.", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "LARA edition/effective date and Michigan Part 4 adoption checked directly. Adopted exceptions and amendments apply; this is not a project applicability determination.", "record_id": "standard-009", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (Michigan)", "element": "Rehabilitation code edition", "value": "2021 Michigan Rehabilitation Code for Existing Buildings, effective April 9, 2025", "units": "—", "governing_document": "LARA Code Books listing", "citation": "LARA Code Books", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-010", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (Michigan)", "element": "Mechanical code edition", "value": "2021 Michigan Mechanical Code, effective March 12, 2024", "units": "—", "governing_document": "LARA Code Books listing", "citation": "LARA Code Books", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-011", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (Michigan)", "element": "Plumbing code edition", "value": "2021 Michigan Plumbing Code, effective March 12, 2024", "units": "—", "governing_document": "LARA Code Books listing", "citation": "LARA Code Books", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-012", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (Michigan)", "element": "Commercial energy code edition", "value": "2021 Michigan Commercial Energy Code, effective April 22, 2025", "units": "—", "governing_document": "LARA Code Books listing", "citation": "LARA Code Books", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-013", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (Michigan)", "element": "Electrical code edition", "value": "2023 National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) with Michigan Part 8 rules, effective March 12, 2024", "units": "—", "governing_document": "LARA Code Books listing", "citation": "LARA Code Books", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-014", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Fall protection trigger at unprotected sides/edges, including dock edges", "value": "4", "units": "feet above a lower level", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart D", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.28(b)(1)(i)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-D/section-1910.28", "jurisdiction": "United States (federal OSHA states)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Federal general rule; MIOSHA Part 2 separately verified as incorporating the cited Subpart D provisions. State-plan coverage exceptions remain relevant.", "record_id": "standard-015", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Loading dock working-side exception", "value": "Exception requires employer demonstration that fall protection is infeasible; operation in progress; access limited to authorized employees; training under 1910.30", "units": "—", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart D", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.28(b)(1)(iii)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-D/section-1910.28", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Not a blanket exemption for loading docks.", "record_id": "standard-016", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Dockboards: guardrail/handrail trigger", "value": "4 ft (not required when used solely for motorized materials handling, fall exposure ≤10 ft, and employees trained)", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart D", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.28(b)(4)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-D/section-1910.28", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Section 1910.28(b)(4) and its motorized-materials-handling, fall-exposure and training conditions checked; no hazardous-work instructions provided.", "record_id": "standard-017", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Aisle width where mechanical handling equipment is used", "value": "No fixed number: 'sufficient safe clearances' for aisles, at loading docks, through doorways and at turns; permanent aisles must be marked", "units": "—", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart N", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.176(a)", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.176", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "The 1972 letter is archived with an explicit warning that it may no longer represent OSHA policy; no separate formal withdrawal is claimed.", "record_id": "standard-018", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Exit access minimum width at all points", "value": "28", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart E", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.36(g)(2)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-E/section-1910.36", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Read on eCFR Sep 11 2026; route width must also carry the permitted occupant load (g)(3)", "record_id": "standard-019", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Exit route vertical envelope", "value": "Ceiling at least 7 ft 6 in; projections not lower than 6 ft 8 in", "units": "feet-inches", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart E", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.36(g)(1)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-E/section-1910.36", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-020", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Minimum vertical clearance between sprinklers and material below", "value": "18", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart L", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.159(c)(10); OSHA interpretation Sep 29 2008", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-L/subject-group-ECFR7a02737a205fd22/section-1910.159", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Section 1910.159 applies to systems installed to satisfy OSHA requirements. The 2008 interpretation discusses a horizontal plane and specified wall-storage exceptions; particular sprinkler/storage designs can require greater clearance.", "record_id": "standard-021", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Electrical working-space width, covered equipment at 600 V nominal or less to ground", "value": "Width of the equipment or 30 in, whichever is greater", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart S", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(i)(B)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-S/subject-group-ECFR63ab49e215d9639/section-1910.303", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Applies where equipment is likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing or maintenance while energized; equipment doors/panels must open at least 90 degrees.", "record_id": "standard-022", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Electrical working-space depth, covered equipment at 600 V nominal or less to ground", "value": "3 ft at 0-150 V to ground; 3 / 3.5 / 4 ft at 151-600 V for conditions A / B / C", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart S", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(i)(A), Table S-1", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-S/subject-group-ECFR63ab49e215d9639/section-1910.303", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Table S-1 checked in OSHA primary text. Conditions A/B/C and specified pre-April 16, 1981 installation exceptions apply; certain listed cases allow 2.5 ft. Not a universal three-foot rectangle.", "record_id": "standard-023", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (general industry)", "element": "Storage in required electrical working space", "value": "Not permitted", "units": "—", "governing_document": "29 CFR 1910 Subpart S", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(ii)", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-S/subject-group-ECFR63ab49e215d9639/section-1910.303", "jurisdiction": "United States", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-024", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "OSHA (historical)", "element": "1972 aisle-width recommendation", "value": "At least 3 ft wider than the largest equipment, or 4 ft minimum - ARCHIVED", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "OSHA standard interpretation May 15 1972", "citation": "OSHA archive notice on the 1972 letter", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/1972-05-15", "jurisdiction": "United States (historical)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "OSHA labels the letter an archive document that may no longer represent OSHA policy; not a current minimum", "record_id": "standard-025", "publish_status": "historical_only", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Accessibility (2010 ADA Standards)", "element": "Accessible route clear width", "value": "36 in minimum (32 in permitted for a length of 24 in or less)", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design", "citation": "ADA Standards §403.5.1", "source_url": "https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/", "jurisdiction": "Where an accessible route is required", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Where an accessible route is required. Reduced-width segments must be separated by segments at least 48 in long and 36 in wide. Turn, employee-work-area and other specified exceptions apply.", "record_id": "standard-026", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Accessibility (2010 ADA Standards)", "element": "Passing spaces on narrow accessible routes", "value": "Every 200 ft where the route is narrower than 60 in", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "2010 ADA Standards", "citation": "ADA Standards §403.5.3", "source_url": "https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/", "jurisdiction": "Where an accessible route is required", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Passing spaces at intervals no greater than 200 ft where required-route clear width is less than 60 in; not a forklift aisle rule.", "record_id": "standard-027", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Accessibility (2010 ADA Standards)", "element": "Manual door clear opening on an accessible route", "value": "32 in minimum; 36 in where the opening is more than 24 in deep", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "2010 ADA Standards", "citation": "ADA Standards §404.2.3", "source_url": "https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/", "jurisdiction": "Doors on accessible routes", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Measured with the door open 90 degrees, not the nominal leaf size", "record_id": "standard-028", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Workplace safety (Michigan)", "element": "MIOSHA counterpart to federal walking-working surfaces rule", "value": "MIOSHA General Industry Part 2, R 408.10201–R 408.10205; R 408.10202 incorporates federal walking-working-surfaces provisions", "units": "—", "governing_document": "Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration", "citation": "MIOSHA-STD-1103, Part 2", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/leo/-/media/Project/Websites/leo/Documents/MIOSHA/Standards/General_Industry/GI_02/GI_02__01-26-2018.pdf", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Incorporated Subpart D text includes the cited dock-edge and dockboard conditions. This does not verify every other federal/MIOSHA standard equivalence; former R 408.10206–R 408.10241 provisions are rescinded.", "record_id": "standard-029", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (IBC 2021)", "element": "Sprinkler trigger, Group S-1 (moderate-hazard storage)", "value": "S-1 fire area >12,000 sq ft; S-1 fire area >3 stories above grade plane; combined S-1 fire areas on all floors including mezzanines >24,000 sq ft; or commercial-motor-vehicle storage fire area >5,000 sq ft", "units": "square feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Building Code", "citation": "IBC 2021 §903.2.9", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/s/IBC2021P2/chapter-9-fire-protection-and-life-safety-systems/IBC2021P2-Ch09-Sec903.2.9", "jurisdiction": "2021 IBC model-code text; adopted amendments and project scope govern", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Specified sprinkler system required throughout the building when a listed trigger applies; not a dock-count threshold.", "record_id": "standard-030", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (IBC 2021)", "element": "Exit access travel distance, Group S-1", "value": "200 ft without sprinklers / 250 ft with sprinklers", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Building Code", "citation": "IBC 2021 Table 1017.2", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P2/chapter-10-means-of-egress", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Model-code occupancy and sprinkler conditions apply; distance measured along natural unobstructed exit-access path under 1017.3.", "record_id": "standard-031", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (IBC 2021)", "element": "Exit access travel distance increase, one-story F-1/S-1", "value": "400 ft where the F-1/S-1 portion is one story; floor to bottom of ceiling/roof deck at least 24 ft; entire building sprinklered per 903.3.1.1", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Building Code", "citation": "IBC 2021 §1017.2.2", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P2/chapter-10-means-of-egress", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "All conditions required; the vertical measure is not necessarily clear height to the lowest obstruction.", "record_id": "standard-032", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (IBC 2021)", "element": "Exit access travel distance, Group S-2 (low-hazard storage)", "value": "300 ft without sprinklers / 400 ft with sprinklers", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Building Code", "citation": "IBC 2021 Table 1017.2", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P2/chapter-10-means-of-egress", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "S-2 occupancy classification, specified sprinkler system and table notes apply; not an S-1 allowance.", "record_id": "standard-033", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Building code (IBC 2021)", "element": "Occupant load factor, warehouses", "value": "500", "units": "gross sq ft per occupant", "governing_document": "2021 International Building Code", "citation": "IBC 2021 Table 1004.5", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P2/chapter-10-means-of-egress", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Model-code warehouse function 500 gross sq ft per occupant. Separate accessory storage/mechanical and mercantile storage/stock/shipping categories have 300 gross factors; industrial areas have 100 gross. Not a measured staffing ratio.", "record_id": "standard-034", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Fire code (IFC 2021)", "element": "High-piled combustible storage definition", "value": "Top of storage >12 ft; >6 ft for high-hazard commodities (rubber tires, Group A plastics, flammable liquids, idle pallets and similar) where required by the fire code official", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Fire Code", "citation": "IFC 2021 Chapter 2 definition; Chapter 32", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2021P2/chapter-2-definitions", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Definition concerns the actual top of combustible storage and commodity; empty rack height is not the test. Six-foot threshold applies to certain high-hazard commodities where the fire code official requires.", "record_id": "standard-035", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Fire code (IFC 2021)", "element": "High-piled storage aisle widths", "value": "For high-piled areas subject to 3206.10: generally 44 in in sprinklered buildings; specified employee-only cross-aisle and shelf-storage exceptions 24 and 30 in; 96 in in nonsprinklered buildings and specified public-access conditions", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "2021 International Fire Code", "citation": "IFC 2021 §3206.10", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2021P2/chapter-32-high-piled-combustible-storage", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Scope includes areas exceeding 500 sq ft. Public-access conditions include high-hazard areas over 2,500 sq ft and mechanical stocking; section-specific alternatives/exceptions apply.", "record_id": "standard-036", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Fire code (IFC 2021)", "element": "High-hazard high-piled storage: largest Table 3206.2 area band", "value": "Over 300,000 sq ft; additional fire-safety features where required by the fire code official", "units": "square feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Fire Code", "citation": "IFC 2021 Table 3206.2, footnote f", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2021P2/chapter-32-high-piled-combustible-storage", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Not a 500,000-sq-ft maximum or an automatic two-hour-fire-wall rule. Class I–IV commodities have a separate over-500,000-sq-ft band.", "record_id": "standard-037", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Fire code (IFC 2021)", "element": "Extent of Table 3206.2 fire-safety features beyond storage area", "value": "Lesser of 15 ft beyond the storage area or to the qualifying full-height partition", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Fire Code", "citation": "IFC 2021 §3206.2.1", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2021P2/chapter-32-high-piled-combustible-storage", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "The feature-extent rule is 3206.2.1, not 3206.3.1; qualifying partitions extend from floor to ceiling/roof deck. Model-code scope applies.", "record_id": "standard-038", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Fire code (IFC 2021)", "element": "Carousel storage automatic shutdown threshold", "value": "Carousel systems greater than 500 sq ft: smoke detection linked to automatic shutdown", "units": "square feet", "governing_document": "2021 International Fire Code", "citation": "IFC 2021 §3209.3", "source_url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2021P2/chapter-32-high-piled-combustible-storage", "jurisdiction": "Model code", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Exception for constant-manual-control operation using a dead-man switch. Specific to the covered carousel systems, not all warehouse automation.", "record_id": "standard-039", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Most common loading dock height", "value": "48 to 52", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "Blue Giant Equipment Corp., Architect Resources: Dock Height", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Dock Height", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-height/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance (North America)", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Blue Giant describes this range as most common and vehicle beds as 30–62 in; manufacturer planning guidance, not a national measured average.", "record_id": "standard-040", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Manufacturer dock-leveler planning-grade guidance", "value": "10% with electric equipment; 15% with gas or diesel equipment", "units": "percent grade", "governing_document": "Blue Giant, Dock Height", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Dock Height", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-height/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Manufacturer guidance, not a universal model-specific equipment rating. Standard leveler lengths listed as 6, 8, 10 and 12 ft.", "record_id": "standard-041", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Dock position center-to-center spacing", "value": "At least 12 ft; 14 ft where space and budget permit", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Blue Giant, Truck Berths", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Truck Berths", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/truck-berths/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-042", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Apron (truck court) depth", "value": "Minimum 135 ft for a truck with 65 ft overall length", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Blue Giant, Dock Access", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Dock Access", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-access/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Manufacturer example for 65-ft overall vehicle; trailer length alone does not establish the full combination or swept path.", "record_id": "standard-043", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Yard service road widths", "value": "14 ft one-way; 26 ft two-way; add a 6-ft barrier-separated pedestrian lane where needed", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Blue Giant, Dock Access", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Dock Access", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-access/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Right-angle intersections: plan a 50-ft radius for commercial vehicles", "record_id": "standard-044", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Property gate widths for truck approach roads", "value": "16-20 ft one-way; 30-32 ft two-way; 38 ft with a pedestrian walkway", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Blue Giant, Dock Access", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Dock Access", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-access/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-045", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Declined dock approach maximum grade", "value": "10", "units": "percent grade", "governing_document": "Blue Giant, Dock Approach", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Dock Approach", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-approach/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Manufacturer discusses projected docks and tapered seals as design options, not universal requirements; lip purchase example 4–6 in. Actual equipment and site design require separate assessment.", "record_id": "standard-046", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Dock planning (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Trailer landing-gear position (for concrete landing strip)", "value": "About 120 in behind the trailer nose", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "Blue Giant, Dock Access", "citation": "Blue Giant Planning and Design: Dock Access", "source_url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-access/", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "standard-047", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Aisle widths (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Minimum aisle width formula", "value": "Basic right-angle-stack width + load length + 12 in clearance", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "Toyota Material Handling", "citation": "Toyota Forklifts blog 'Calculating Forklift Aisle Width Minimums' (Sep 18 2017)", "source_url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/warehousing-operations/calculating-forklift-aisle-width-minimums", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Planning formula from the 2017 publication; model-specific maneuvering specification, actual load and applicability must be checked.", "record_id": "standard-048", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Aisle widths (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Worked example (Toyota Core IC Cushion forklift, 48-in pallet)", "value": "86 + 48 + 12 = 146 in (12 ft 2 in)", "units": "inches", "governing_document": "Toyota Material Handling", "citation": "Toyota Forklifts blog (Sep 18 2017)", "source_url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/warehousing-operations/calculating-forklift-aisle-width-minimums", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "A 2017 worked example, not an industry average or current rating for every model with the same product name.", "record_id": "standard-049", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Aisle widths (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Standard (wide) aisle for counterbalance forklifts", "value": "10.5 ft or more; about 12 ft is a common standard-aisle width", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Toyota Material Handling", "citation": "Toyota Forklifts blog 'Do More With Less: Narrow Aisle Forklifts' (Jul 10 2026); Toyota video 'Warehouse Forklifts & Aisle Widths'", "source_url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/toyota-products/do-more-with-less-narrow-aisle-forklifts", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "One manufacturer classification and video description, not a universally standardized class boundary or an industry average.", "record_id": "standard-050", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Aisle widths (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Narrow-aisle category: reach trucks, three-wheel electrics and stand-up riders", "value": "8.5 to 10.5", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Toyota Material Handling", "citation": "Toyota Forklifts blog (Jul 10 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/toyota-products/do-more-with-less-narrow-aisle-forklifts", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Table gives 8.5–10.5 ft; same article introduction says 8–10.5 ft. Both source wordings are retained; no averaged boundary is created.", "record_id": "standard-051", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Aisle widths (manufacturer guidance)", "element": "Very-narrow-aisle category and separate dealer equipment examples", "value": "5 to 7", "units": "feet", "governing_document": "Toyota Material Handling", "citation": "Toyota manufacturer blog Jul 10, 2026; Toyota Material Handling Systems dealer article Aug 2, 2021", "source_url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/toyota-products/do-more-with-less-narrow-aisle-forklifts", "jurisdiction": "Manufacturer guidance", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Toyota table gives 5–7 ft for its order-picker/turret category. Separate dealer examples give turret 7 ft and articulated 5 ft 6 in; dealer URL: https://www.toyotamhs.com/five-narrow-aisle-forklift-solutions/", "record_id": "standard-052", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "group": "Standards bodies (no numeric value carried)", "element": "Dock leveling devices", "value": "ANSI MH30.1-2022, Performance and Testing Requirements for Dock Leveling Devices", "units": "—", "governing_document": "ANSI / MHI", "citation": "ANSI catalog listing for MHI publication", "source_url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/mhia/ansimh302022", "jurisdiction": "Voluntary consensus standard", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "No technical dimension or project requirement is attributed to unread paid standard text.", "record_id": "standard-053", "publish_status": "catalog_identification", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Catalog title and edition checked; full paid standard not read for technical requirements." }, { "group": "Standards bodies (no numeric value carried)", "element": "Steel storage racks", "value": "ANSI MH16.1-2023, Design, Testing, and Utilization of Industrial Steel Storage Racks", "units": "—", "governing_document": "ANSI / RMI", "citation": "ANSI catalog listing for MHI publication", "source_url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/mhia/ansimh162023", "jurisdiction": "Voluntary consensus standard", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Catalog scope does not apply to every rack type; no engineering provision is asserted from unread text.", "record_id": "standard-054", "publish_status": "catalog_identification", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Catalog title and edition checked; full paid standard not read for technical requirements." }, { "group": "Standards bodies (no numeric value carried)", "element": "Powered industrial trucks", "value": "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.178(a)(2) names incorporated ANSI B56.1-1969 for covered new powered industrial trucks", "units": "—", "governing_document": "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.178", "citation": "29 CFR 1910.178(a)(1)–(2)", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.178", "jurisdiction": "Standard / regulation", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "The edition incorporated in a regulation is not automatically the newest consensus standard. No claim about a latest ITSDF edition is made.", "record_id": "standard-055", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." } ], "published_rules_of_thumb_survey": [ { "parameter": "Dock doors per building area", "published_figure": "1 dock per 5,000–10,000 sq ft (distribution); 1 per 15,000–20,000 (manufacturing)", "publisher": "WareCRE", "publisher_type": "Industrial listing/education site", "publication_date": "undated", "url": "https://warecre.com/cre-insights/industrial-101/loading-docks-ceiling-heights-and-power-requirements-understanding-industrial-property-specs/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-001", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock doors per building area", "published_figure": "1 dock position per 5,000–10,000 sq ft for high-volume distribution", "publisher": "Kafafab", "publisher_type": "Steel building contractor blog", "publication_date": "2026-08-16 (updated)", "url": "https://kafafab.com/industrial-warehouse-design-ideas/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-002", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock doors per building area", "published_figure": "1 per 5,000–10,000 sq ft (distribution); 1 per 15,000–20,000 (manufacturing); the article cites WareCRE", "publisher": "Steelco Buildings", "publisher_type": "Steel building vendor blog", "publication_date": "2026-04-06", "url": "https://www.steelcobuildings.com/warehouse-loading-dock-design-layout-door-spacing-and-truck-court-planning/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher repeats ratios and cites WareCRE; not independent empirical confirmation.", "record_id": "convention-003", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Trailer-parking stalls per building area — not dock doors", "published_figure": "Modern Class A: 1 per 5,000–10,000 sq ft; Class A: table says 1 per 10,000–15,000, while the FAQ says 1 per 10,000", "publisher": "Apers", "publisher_type": "Underwriting guide (industrial)", "publication_date": "2026-05", "url": "https://apers.app/learn/asset-classes/industrial/industrial-underwriting-clear-heights-dock-doors", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Trailer-parking stalls, not dock doors. Class A table 1 per 10,000–15,000 sq ft differs from FAQ 1 per 10,000; both retained.", "record_id": "convention-004", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock doors relative to SKU positions — not a floor-area ratio", "published_figure": "Publisher response says no direct relationship to SKU positions; asks for outbound orders, cartons/pallets, runs, truck size and inbound flow", "publisher": "Logistics Bureau", "publisher_type": "Supply-chain consultancy", "publication_date": "2021-12-14 author response; 2025-09-25 article", "url": "https://www.logisticsbureau.com/warehouse-design-rules-of-thumb/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "The response concerns SKU positions, not floor area; it does not directly refute a dock-to-area ratio.", "record_id": "convention-005", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock center-to-center spacing", "published_figure": "At least 12 ft; consider 14 ft where space and budget permit", "publisher": "Blue Giant Equipment Corp.", "publisher_type": "Dock equipment manufacturer", "publication_date": "undated (page live at collection)", "url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/truck-berths/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-006", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock center-to-center spacing", "published_figure": "12 ft cited as a minimum; 14–16 ft also discussed", "publisher": "Kafafab", "publisher_type": "Steel building contractor blog", "publication_date": "2026-08-16 (updated)", "url": "https://kafafab.com/industrial-warehouse-design-ideas/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-007", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Truck court / apron depth", "published_figure": "Minimum 135 ft for a 65-ft overall vehicle", "publisher": "Blue Giant Equipment Corp.", "publisher_type": "Dock equipment manufacturer", "publication_date": "undated", "url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-access/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-008", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Truck court / apron depth", "published_figure": "120 ft or more", "publisher": "WareCRE", "publisher_type": "Industrial listing/education site", "publication_date": "undated", "url": "https://warecre.com/cre-insights/industrial-101/loading-docks-ceiling-heights-and-power-requirements-understanding-industrial-property-specs/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-009", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Truck court / apron depth", "published_figure": "130–180 ft for 53-ft trailers; trailer length is not overall vehicle length", "publisher": "Steelco Buildings", "publisher_type": "Steel building vendor blog", "publication_date": "2026-04-06", "url": "https://www.steelcobuildings.com/warehouse-loading-dock-design-layout-door-spacing-and-truck-court-planning/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-010", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock height", "published_figure": "48–52 in described as most common; vehicle beds 30–62 in", "publisher": "Blue Giant Equipment Corp.", "publisher_type": "Dock equipment manufacturer", "publication_date": "undated", "url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-height/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-011", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock height", "published_figure": "48–52 in", "publisher": "WareCRE", "publisher_type": "Industrial listing/education site", "publication_date": "undated", "url": "https://warecre.com/cre-insights/industrial-101/loading-docks-ceiling-heights-and-power-requirements-understanding-industrial-property-specs/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-012", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock height", "published_figure": "48–52 in", "publisher": "Steelco Buildings", "publisher_type": "Steel building vendor blog", "publication_date": "2026-04-06", "url": "https://www.steelcobuildings.com/warehouse-loading-dock-design-layout-door-spacing-and-truck-court-planning/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Steelco source entry; paired with WareCRE in the printed table.", "record_id": "convention-013", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Dock height", "published_figure": "Nominal 48 in; 42 in also discussed for lighter-fleet applications", "publisher": "SmartLoadingHub", "publisher_type": "Automated-loading trade site", "publication_date": "11/01/2025 as displayed; month/day order not inferred", "url": "https://www.smartloadinghub.com/insights/automated-loading/how-high-loading-dock-what-that/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-014", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Clear height, market commentary", "published_figure": "Occupiers seek 36–40 ft, contrasted with 18–32 ft in older facilities; no representative sample is supplied for this statement", "publisher": "CBRE Investment Management", "publisher_type": "Investment manager research", "publication_date": "undated", "url": "https://www.cbreim.com/insights/articles/the-case-for-modern-logistics-facilities", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-015", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Historical average clear-height claim", "published_figure": null, "publisher": "Historical attribution not verified at original producer", "publisher_type": "Brokerage research via trade press", "publication_date": null, "url": null, "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Excluded numerical claim; empty value is not zero. Historical record slot retained for transparent scope.", "record_id": "convention-016", "publish_status": "not_published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "No primary producer dataset or original study retrieved; no numerical claim published.", "tier": "Not published" }, { "parameter": "Historical CBRE clear-height comparison", "published_figure": null, "publisher": "Historical attribution not verified at original producer", "publisher_type": "Brokerage research via trade press", "publication_date": null, "url": null, "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Excluded numerical claim; empty value is not zero. Historical record slot retained for transparent scope.", "record_id": "convention-017", "publish_status": "not_published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "No primary producer dataset or original study retrieved; no numerical claim published.", "tier": "Not published" }, { "parameter": "Historical large-warehouse height distribution", "published_figure": null, "publisher": "Historical attribution not verified at original producer", "publisher_type": "Brokerage research via trade press", "publication_date": null, "url": null, "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Excluded numerical claim; empty value is not zero. Historical record slot retained for transparent scope.", "record_id": "convention-018", "publish_status": "not_published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "No primary producer dataset or original study retrieved; no numerical claim published.", "tier": "Not published" }, { "parameter": "Clear height and class characteristics, publisher framework", "published_figure": "Modern Class A: 32–36 ft or more, ESFR sprinklers, 54 × 60 ft grid, built 2018 or later; Class A: 28–32 ft, 50 × 60 ft grid", "publisher": "Apers", "publisher_type": "Underwriting guide (industrial)", "publication_date": "2026-05", "url": "https://apers.app/learn/asset-classes/industrial/industrial-underwriting-clear-heights-dock-doors", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-019", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Clear height, publisher guidance", "published_figure": "Modern distribution 32–40 ft; manufacturing 18–30 ft", "publisher": "WareCRE", "publisher_type": "Industrial listing/education site", "publication_date": "undated", "url": "https://warecre.com/cre-insights/industrial-101/loading-docks-ceiling-heights-and-power-requirements-understanding-industrial-property-specs/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher guidance, not a measured industry distribution. No storage-capacity-per-added-foot percentage is published.", "record_id": "convention-020", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "“Clear span” terminology and automated-center height", "published_figure": "Publisher uses “24–34 feet” for “clear spans” and discusses automated centers at 45 ft or more; the ambiguous span wording is not relabeled as a measured clear height", "publisher": "F. Curtis Barry & Co.", "publisher_type": "Fulfillment consultancy", "publication_date": "undated in inspected text", "url": "https://www.fcbco.com/blog/warehouse-layout-design-principles", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "The page uses ambiguous clear-span wording for 24–34 ft; not recast as an empirical clear-height statistic. Automated-center height statement is publisher commentary.", "record_id": "convention-021", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Column spacing, publisher framework", "published_figure": "54 × 60 ft (Modern Class A); 50 × 60 ft (Class A)", "publisher": "Apers", "publisher_type": "Underwriting guide (industrial)", "publication_date": "2026-05", "url": "https://apers.app/learn/asset-classes/industrial/industrial-underwriting-clear-heights-dock-doors", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-022", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Column spacing, publisher example", "published_figure": "40 × 40 ft; described as common by the vendor, without a population estimate", "publisher": "Steelco Buildings", "publisher_type": "Steel building vendor blog", "publication_date": "2026-04-06", "url": "https://www.steelcobuildings.com/warehouse-loading-dock-design-layout-door-spacing-and-truck-court-planning/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-023", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Counterbalance forklift aisle", "published_figure": "10.5 ft or more in Toyota's table; about 12 ft in its video explanation", "publisher": "Toyota Material Handling", "publisher_type": "Forklift manufacturer", "publication_date": "2026-07-10", "url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/toyota-products/do-more-with-less-narrow-aisle-forklifts", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-024", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Counterbalance forklift aisle", "published_figure": "12–13 ft for right-angle stacking; 11–13 ft for straight travel", "publisher": "BigRentz", "publisher_type": "Equipment rental marketplace", "publication_date": "undated in inspected text", "url": "https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/forklift-aisle-width-requirements-osha-standards-and-planning-guide", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-025", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Counterbalance forklift aisle", "published_figure": "12–13 ft", "publisher": "Material Handling USA", "publisher_type": "Rack/equipment dealer", "publication_date": "undated in inspected text", "url": "https://mh-usa.com/blogs/forklift-aisle-width-guide-how-to-size-aisles-for-your-warehouse/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-026", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Reach-truck / narrow-aisle category", "published_figure": "8.5–10.5 ft in the table; introduction says 8–10.5 ft", "publisher": "Toyota Material Handling", "publisher_type": "Forklift manufacturer", "publication_date": "2026-07-10", "url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/toyota-products/do-more-with-less-narrow-aisle-forklifts", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-027", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Reach-truck aisle", "published_figure": "8–10 ft for straight travel; 8.5–10.5 ft for right-angle stacking", "publisher": "BigRentz", "publisher_type": "Equipment rental marketplace", "publication_date": "undated in inspected text", "url": "https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/forklift-aisle-width-requirements-osha-standards-and-planning-guide", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-028", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Reach-truck aisle", "published_figure": "8.5–10 ft", "publisher": "Material Handling USA", "publisher_type": "Rack/equipment dealer", "publication_date": "undated in inspected text", "url": "https://mh-usa.com/blogs/forklift-aisle-width-guide-how-to-size-aisles-for-your-warehouse/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-029", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Very narrow aisle", "published_figure": "5–7 ft for the listed order-picker/turret category", "publisher": "Toyota Material Handling", "publisher_type": "Forklift manufacturer", "publication_date": "2026-07-10", "url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/toyota-products/do-more-with-less-narrow-aisle-forklifts", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-030", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Turret / swing-mast aisle", "published_figure": "5.5–6.5 ft for that equipment category, not every very-narrow-aisle truck", "publisher": "Material Handling USA", "publisher_type": "Rack/equipment dealer", "publication_date": "undated in inspected text", "url": "https://mh-usa.com/blogs/forklift-aisle-width-guide-how-to-size-aisles-for-your-warehouse/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-031", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" }, { "parameter": "Share of floor for non-storage functions", "published_figure": "20–25% for receiving, dispatch and staging; publisher planning advice, not a measured warehouse average", "publisher": "Logistics Bureau", "publisher_type": "Supply-chain consultancy", "publication_date": "2025-09-25", "url": "https://www.logisticsbureau.com/warehouse-design-rules-of-thumb/", "date_collected": "2026-09-11", "note": "Publisher convention only; scope in published_figure is part of the record.", "record_id": "convention-032", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Verifies the statement on the publisher's own page, not a measured industry average or a code requirement.", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source" } ], "workforce_and_michigan_kent_layer": [ { "metric": "Warehousing and storage (NAICS 493) employment, all employees, seasonally adjusted", "geography": "United States", "value": "1,837,400", "unit": "persons", "period": "Aug 2026 (preliminary)", "source": "BLS Current Employment Statistics via Industries at a Glance; displayed extraction date Sep 11, 2026", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Seasonally adjusted employment, preliminary August 2026. July 2026 preliminary 1,840,000; June 2026 1,845,800. Jobs, not unique people or buildings.", "record_id": "regional-001", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehousing and storage (NAICS 493) private establishments", "geography": "United States", "value": "23,848", "unit": "establishments", "period": "Q1 2026 (preliminary)", "source": "BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages via Industries at a Glance", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Q4 2025: 23,697; Q2 2025: 23,190", "record_id": "regional-002", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehousing and storage (NAICS 493) fatal work injuries", "geography": "United States", "value": "32", "unit": "fatalities", "period": "2024", "source": "BLS Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities via Industries at a Glance", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2023: 28", "record_id": "regional-003", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehousing and storage (NAICS 493) total recordable injury/illness rate", "geography": "United States", "value": "4.8", "unit": "cases per 100 full-time workers", "period": "2024", "source": "BLS IIF via Industries at a Glance", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2024 rate; DART 4.1, days-away cases 1.5. Not the percentage of workers injured or a layout-causation measure.", "record_id": "regional-004", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Industrial truck and tractor operators employed in NAICS 493", "geography": "United States", "value": "286,750", "unit": "persons", "period": "2025", "source": "BLS OEWS via Industries at a Glance", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "2025 occupational estimate within NAICS 493; median hourly wage $23.16. Not all forklift operators across industries.", "record_id": "regional-005", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehouse and storage buildings", "geography": "United States", "value": "1,004,000", "unit": "buildings", "period": "2018", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": " Weighted EIA 2018 survey estimate; not a current census.", "record_id": "regional-006", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehouse and storage floorspace", "geography": "United States", "value": "17,483,000,000", "unit": "square feet", "period": "2018", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B12", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": " Weighted EIA 2018 survey estimate; not a current census.", "record_id": "regional-007", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehouse and storage buildings", "geography": "Midwest Census Region", "value": "307,000", "unit": "buildings", "period": "2018", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Up from 163,000 in 2012 per EIA Today in Energy (Nov 30 2021) Weighted EIA 2018 survey estimate; not a current census.", "record_id": "regional-008", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehouse and storage buildings", "geography": "East North Central Division (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI)", "value": "206,000", "unit": "buildings", "period": "2018", "source": "EIA 2018 CBECS Table B11", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Floorspace 3,402 million sq ft (Table B12) Weighted EIA 2018 survey estimate; not a current census.", "record_id": "regional-009", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehousing and storage (NAICS 493) employment, annual average", "geography": "Michigan", "value": "41,400", "unit": "persons", "period": "2024", "source": "BLS State and Metro Area Employment via FRED series SMU26000004349300001A", "source_url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU26000004349300001A", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Annual average, not seasonally adjusted; 2023: 39,800, 2022: 40,000, 2021: 35,600, 2020: 29,100. The inspected annual series ended at 2024; no future release content is assumed.", "record_id": "regional-010", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Transportation, warehousing and utilities employment, annual average", "geography": "Michigan", "value": "177400", "unit": "persons", "period": "2025", "source": "BLS via FRED series SMU26000004300000001A", "source_url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU26000004300000001A", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Annual average, not seasonally adjusted; series updated Apr 10, 2026. Broader industry aggregate, not NAICS 493 alone.", "record_id": "regional-011", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Transportation, warehousing and utilities employment (seasonally adjusted by FRED)", "geography": "Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI MSA", "value": "19277.25", "unit": "persons", "period": "Jul 2026", "source": "BLS-derived series distributed and seasonally adjusted by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED)", "source_url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU26243404300000001SA", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Published 19.27725 thousand persons, converted to 19,277.25 and displayed about 19,277. Series updated Aug 21, 2026. Metro geography is not Kent County alone.", "record_id": "regional-012", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Warehousing and storage (NAICS 493) private establishments and employment", "geography": "Kent County, MI (FIPS 26081)", "value": null, "unit": "establishments; persons", "period": null, "source": "BLS QCEW retrieval attempted for area 26081, private ownership, NAICS 493", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/cew/", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "Not published", "note": "County-specific observation was not retrieved; no numerical value published. Empty CSV/null JSON is not zero, suppression, or proof that a specific unsuppressed observation exists.", "record_id": "regional-013", "publish_status": "not_published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Retrieval limitation; no county quantitative claim verified." }, { "metric": "Maximum vehicle height", "geography": "Michigan", "value": "13 ft 6 in", "unit": "feet-inches", "period": "current statute", "source": "MCL 257.719(1)", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-719", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "General statutory limit with exceptions/permit provisions; actual route clearance is separate.", "record_id": "regional-014", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Semitrailer length on designated highways", "geography": "Michigan", "value": "53 ft (no overall combination limit)", "unit": "feet", "period": "current statute", "source": "MCL 257.719(3)(a)", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-719", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "MCL 257.719(2)(d) lists 50 ft for the ordinary-road tractor-semitrailer provision; subsection (3)(a) permits 53 ft on designated highways. Current section contains no former 37.5–40.5-ft kingpin/rear-axle condition. The local-stop exception names facilities along designated routes, not unrestricted off-route warehouse access.", "record_id": "regional-015", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Commercial building code edition", "geography": "Michigan", "value": "2021 Michigan Building Code (2021 IBC by reference), effective April 9, 2025", "unit": "—", "period": "current", "source": "LARA Bureau of Construction Codes, Code Books listing", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Confirmed on LARA's own listing Sep 11 2026; the Part 4 rules (R 408.30401 et seq.) confirm the IBC 2021 adoption by reference", "record_id": "regional-016", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Workplace safety authority", "geography": "Michigan", "value": "MIOSHA General Industry Part 2, R 408.10201–R 408.10205; R 408.10202 incorporates federal walking-working-surfaces provisions", "unit": "—", "period": "current", "source": "Michigan LEO / MIOSHA; OSHA Michigan State Plan listing", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/MI", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Incorporated Subpart D text includes the cited dock-edge and dockboard conditions. This does not verify every other federal/MIOSHA standard equivalence; former R 408.10206–R 408.10241 provisions are rescinded.", "record_id": "regional-017", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Who reviews a commercial layout change inside Grand Rapids city limits", "geography": "City of Grand Rapids", "value": "City publishes building/trade and, where applicable, Land Use (LUDS) processes; fire inspections use a separate City process", "unit": "—", "period": "current", "source": "City of Grand Rapids, Planning and Permits for Commercial Renovation Projects", "source_url": "https://www.grandrapidsmi.gov/grow-and-thrive/development-center/permits/planning-and-permits-for-commercial-renovation-projects/", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Published guidance, not a finding that every rack move needs every approval or a new certificate of occupancy.", "record_id": "regional-018", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Commercial plan review terms", "geography": "City of Grand Rapids", "value": "City guide: signed/sealed commercial plans; plan review 10% of permit fee or $50 minimum; most reviews 5 business days; board review can add about 2 months. FY2027 fee inventory: construction plan review 10% of permit fee, minimum not restated.", "unit": "—", "period": "current", "source": "City of Grand Rapids, Planning and Permits for Commercial Renovation Projects", "source_url": "https://www.grandrapidsmi.gov/grow-and-thrive/development-center/permits/planning-and-permits-for-commercial-renovation-projects/", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Guide/schedule difference retained, not resolved into an invented assessment. Turnaround is not guaranteed. Michigan R 408.30405 and MCL 339.2012 establish scope/exemptions; additional sources: https://media-002-us.cdn.govstack.com/grandrapidsmi-us/media/s20jnzrn/624-fee-schedule.pdf ; https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-339-2012", "record_id": "regional-019", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Local-government identification", "geography": "Kent County, MI", "value": "Kent County lists City of Grand Rapids and Grand Rapids Township as separate units", "unit": "—", "period": "current", "source": "Kent County, Local Cities, Townships and Villages Information", "source_url": "https://www.kentcountymi.gov/874/Local-Cities-Townships-Villages-Informat", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Directory does not establish every permitting delegation; identify actual municipality and enforcing authority.", "record_id": "regional-020", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Industrial vacancy rate", "geography": "West Michigan", "value": "3.2%", "unit": "percent", "period": "Q2 2026", "source": "Colliers West Michigan Industrial Market Report Q2 2026", "source_url": "https://www.colliers.com/en/research/grand-rapids/q2-2026-west-michigan-industrial-market-report", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Down from 3.4% in Q1 2026; Colliers cites national 7.6%", "record_id": "regional-021", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Industrial net absorption", "geography": "West Michigan", "value": "about 523,750", "unit": "square feet", "period": "Q2 2026", "source": "Colliers West Michigan Industrial Market Report Q2 2026", "source_url": "https://www.colliers.com/en/research/grand-rapids/q2-2026-west-michigan-industrial-market-report", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "regional-022", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Industrial average asking rent", "geography": "West Michigan", "value": "about $6.44", "unit": "dollars per sq ft NNN", "period": "Q2 2026", "source": "Colliers West Michigan Industrial Market Report Q2 2026", "source_url": "https://www.colliers.com/en/research/grand-rapids/q2-2026-west-michigan-industrial-market-report", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "", "record_id": "regional-023", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Industrial space under construction", "geography": "West Michigan", "value": "about 851,800", "unit": "square feet", "period": "Q2 2026", "source": "Colliers West Michigan Industrial Market Report Q2 2026", "source_url": "https://www.colliers.com/en/research/grand-rapids/q2-2026-west-michigan-industrial-market-report", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "35,000 sq ft delivered in the quarter", "record_id": "regional-024", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "Industrial vacancy rate", "geography": "Grand Rapids", "value": "2.4%", "unit": "percent", "period": "end of 2024", "source": "The Right Place, 2025 Development Report, executive summary", "source_url": "https://online.flippingbook.com/view/969529511/", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Original report compares end-of-2024 Grand Rapids 2.4% with national 6.8%; not a Q2 2026 or Kent County-only statistic.", "record_id": "regional-025", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." }, { "metric": "National industrial vacancy: separate brokerage figures", "geography": "United States", "value": "6.8% (JLL); 6.9% (Cushman & Wakefield); 7.6% (Colliers)", "unit": "percent", "period": "Q2 2026", "source": "Original Q2 2026 releases from JLL, Cushman & Wakefield and Colliers", "source_url": "https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-dynamics/industrial-market-statistics-trends ; https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/united-states/news/2026/07/us-industrial-marketbeat ; https://www.colliers.com/en/research/grand-rapids/q2-2026-west-michigan-industrial-market-report", "date_checked": "2026-09-11", "tier": "★ stated field checked directly against primary source", "note": "Separate publisher-defined inventories and calculations; not averaged or treated as one statistical confidence interval.", "record_id": "regional-026", "publish_status": "published", "verification_date": "2026-09-11", "verification_scope": "Stated field checked against the cited primary source; scope and exclusions remain in note." } ] }, "sources": [ { "title": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, Table B11 — Selected principal building activity: number of buildings", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b11.pdf", "id": 1, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2018 CBECS, Table B12 — Selected principal building activity: floorspace", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b12.pdf", "id": 2, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2018 CBECS, Table B16 — Building activity subcategories: totals and medians", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b16.pdf", "id": 3, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2018 CBECS: Warehouse and Storage building-type report", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/pba/warehouse-and-storage.php", "id": 4, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, Today in Energy, \"Warehouses were the most common U.S. commercial building type as of 2018,\" November 30, 2021", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=50496", "id": 5, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2018 CBECS preliminary results flipbook (survey design; 6,436 respondents)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/pdf/CBECS_2018_Preliminary_Results_Flipbook.pdf", "id": 6, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Industries at a Glance: Warehousing and Storage, NAICS 493. Displayed data extraction date: September 11, 2026", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "id": 7, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED, All Employees: Warehousing and Storage in Michigan, annual (SMU26000004349300001A)", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU26000004349300001A", "id": 8, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED, All Employees: Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities in Michigan, annual (SMU26000004300000001A)", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU26000004300000001A", "id": 9, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED, Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities in Grand Rapids–Wyoming–Kentwood, MI (SMU26243404300000001SA)", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU26243404300000001SA", "id": 10, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. Retrieval source for county industry data; no Kent County numerical observation is published in this release", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/cew/", "id": 11, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 23 CFR 658.13 — Length", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-658/section-658.13", "id": 12, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 23 CFR 658.15 — Width", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-658/section-658.15", "id": 13, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 23 CFR Part 658 (including 658.17 — Weight)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-658", "id": 14, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Federal Highway Administration, Federal Size Regulations for Commercial Motor Vehicles", "url": "https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/publications/size_regs_final_rpt/size_regs_final_rpt.pdf", "id": 15, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Michigan Legislature, MCL 257.719 (height and length)", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-719", "id": 16, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Michigan Legislature, current MCL 257.717, vehicle width, including the trailer/semitrailer outside-body provision in subsection (5)", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-717", "id": 17, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910.28 — Duty to have fall protection and falling object protection", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-D/section-1910.28", "id": 18, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.176 — Handling materials, general", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.176", "id": 19, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.36, exit-route design and construction, including §1910.36(g)", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.36", "id": 20, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.159, automatic sprinkler systems; scope in (a)–(b), clearance in (c)(10)", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.159", "id": 21, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, standard interpretation, \"Clarification of OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.159(c)(10), Sprinkler spacing,\" September 29, 2008", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2008-09-29", "id": 22, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.303, electrical requirements, including §1910.303(g)(1) and Table S-1", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.303", "id": 23, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, standard interpretation (archive), \"Marking and width requirements for aisles in industrial operations,\" May 15, 1972", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/1972-05-15", "id": 24, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "U.S. Access Board, 2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 4: Accessible Routes (§403.5.1, §403.5.3, §404.2.3)", "url": "https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/", "id": 25, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "International Code Council, 2021 International Building Code, Chapter 10, §1017.2.2, F-1/S-1 exit-access travel-distance increase; model-code text", "url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P2/chapter-10-means-of-egress", "id": 26, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "International Code Council, 2021 International Building Code, §903.2.9, Group S-1 sprinkler triggers; model-code text", "url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/s/IBC2021P2/chapter-9-fire-protection-and-life-safety-systems/IBC2021P2-Ch09-Sec903.2.9", "id": 27, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "International Code Council, 2021 International Building Code, Chapter 10, Table 1017.2 and §1017.3, travel-distance limits and measurement; model-code text", "url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P2/chapter-10-means-of-egress", "id": 28, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "International Code Council, 2021 International Building Code, Chapter 10, Table 1004.5, occupant-load factors; model-code text", "url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P2/chapter-10-means-of-egress", "id": 29, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "International Code Council, 2021 International Fire Code, Chapter 32, including Table 3206.2, §§3206.2.1, 3206.3.1, 3206.10 and 3209.3; model-code text", "url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2021P2/chapter-32-high-piled-combustible-storage", "id": 30, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "International Code Council, 2021 International Fire Code, Chapter 2, §202 definition of high-piled combustible storage; model-code text", "url": "https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2021P2/chapter-2-definitions", "id": 31, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Bureau of Construction Codes, Code Books (current editions and effective dates)", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books", "id": 32, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Michigan Administrative Code, Part 4 Building Code, R 408.30401 et seq", "url": "https://ars.apps.lara.state.mi.us/AdminCode/DownloadAdminCodeFile?FileName=R+408.30401++to+408.30499a.pdf&ReturnHTML=True", "id": 33, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA General Industry Safety and Health Standard Part 2, Walking-Working Surfaces (MIOSHA-STD-1103)", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/leo/-/media/Project/Websites/leo/Documents/MIOSHA/Standards/General_Industry/GI_02/GI_02__01-26-2018.pdf", "id": 34, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Michigan State Plan", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/MI", "id": 35, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "City of Grand Rapids, Development Center, \"Planning and Permits for Commercial Renovation Projects.\"", "url": "https://www.grandrapidsmi.gov/grow-and-thrive/development-center/permits/planning-and-permits-for-commercial-renovation-projects/", "id": 36, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Kent County, Michigan, \"Local Cities, Townships, & Villages Information.\"", "url": "https://www.kentcountymi.gov/874/Local-Cities-Townships-Villages-Informat", "id": 37, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Blue Giant Equipment Corporation, Architect Resources — Planning and Design: Dock Height", "url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-height/", "id": 38, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Blue Giant Equipment Corporation, Planning and Design: Truck Berths", "url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/truck-berths/", "id": 39, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Blue Giant Equipment Corporation, Planning and Design: Dock Access", "url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-access/", "id": 40, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Blue Giant Equipment Corporation, Planning and Design: Dock Approach", "url": "https://www.bluegiant.com/en/architects/planning-and-design/dock-approach/", "id": 41, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Toyota Material Handling, \"Calculating Forklift Aisle Width Minimums,\" September 18, 2017", "url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/warehousing-operations/calculating-forklift-aisle-width-minimums", "id": 42, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Toyota Material Handling, \"Do More With Less: Narrow Aisle Forklifts,\" July 10, 2026", "url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/blog/toyota-products/do-more-with-less-narrow-aisle-forklifts", "id": 43, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Toyota Material Handling, video, \"Warehouse Forklifts & Aisle Widths.\"", "url": "https://www.toyotaforklift.com/resource-library/video-library/warehouse-forklifts-aisle-widths", "id": 44, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Toyota Material Handling Systems, “Five Narrow Aisle Forklift Solutions,” August 2, 2021. Dealer guidance, distinct from Toyota Material Handling's manufacturer publications", "url": "https://www.toyotamhs.com/five-narrow-aisle-forklift-solutions/", "id": 45, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Colliers, West Michigan Industrial Market Report, Q2 2026", "url": "https://www.colliers.com/en/research/grand-rapids/q2-2026-west-michigan-industrial-market-report", "id": 46, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "JLL, U.S. Industrial Market Dynamics, Q2 2026", "url": "https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-dynamics/industrial-market-statistics-trends", "id": 47, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, U.S. Industrial MarketBeat Q2 2026 release, July 17, 2026. Original publisher report of 6.9% national vacancy", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/united-states/news/2026/07/us-industrial-marketbeat", "id": 48, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "The Right Place, 2025 Development Report, executive summary: end-of-2024 Grand Rapids industrial vacancy and its national comparison. Original publisher-hosted report", "url": "https://online.flippingbook.com/view/969529511/", "id": 49, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "WareCRE, “Industrial Property Specs: Docks, Clear Height & Power Guide.” Undated in inspected text; publisher conventions, not a measured industry sample", "url": "https://warecre.com/cre-insights/industrial-101/loading-docks-ceiling-heights-and-power-requirements-understanding-industrial-property-specs/", "id": 50, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Kafafab, “Industrial Warehouse Design Ideas for Layout and Structure.” Updated August 16, 2026; publisher conventions", "url": "https://kafafab.com/industrial-warehouse-design-ideas/", "id": 51, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Steelco Buildings, “Warehouse Loading Dock Design: Layout, Door Spacing, and Truck Court Planning,” April 6, 2026; publisher conventions", "url": "https://www.steelcobuildings.com/warehouse-loading-dock-design-layout-door-spacing-and-truck-court-planning/", "id": 52, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Apers, “Industrial Real Estate Underwriting Guide (2026),” May 2026. Publisher category framework; trailer-parking table and FAQ wordings are both recorded", "url": "https://apers.app/learn/asset-classes/industrial/industrial-underwriting-clear-heights-dock-doors", "id": 53, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Logistics Bureau, “Warehouse Design — Rules of Thumb… And a Checklist,” September 25, 2025. Dock-count/SKU-position response dated December 14, 2021; publisher advice", "url": "https://www.logisticsbureau.com/warehouse-design-rules-of-thumb/", "id": 54, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "SmartLoadingHub, loading-dock-height explainer. Page displays the date 11/01/2025; day/month order is not inferred. Publisher examples", "url": "https://www.smartloadinghub.com/insights/automated-loading/how-high-loading-dock-what-that/", "id": 55, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "CBRE Investment Management, \"The Case for Modern Logistics Facilities.\"", "url": "https://www.cbreim.com/insights/articles/the-case-for-modern-logistics-facilities", "id": 56, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "City of Grand Rapids, FY2027 fee inventory, construction plan review, row 176. Lists 10% of permit fee; unlike the separate renovation guide, does not restate the $50 minimum", "url": "https://media-002-us.cdn.govstack.com/grandrapidsmi-us/media/s20jnzrn/624-fee-schedule.pdf", "id": 57, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Michigan Legislature, MCL 339.2012, Occupational Code exemptions from the architectural, engineering and surveying article", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-339-2012", "id": 58, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "ANSI Webstore, MHI content-provider listing for ANSI MH30.1-2022, Performance and Testing Requirements for Dock Leveling Devices. Catalog title/edition checked; full paid text not used to supply dimensions", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/mhia/ansimh302022", "id": 59, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "F. Curtis Barry & Co., “Warehouse Layout Design Principles.” Undated in inspected text; ambiguous “clear span” wording is not relabeled as an empirical height measure", "url": "https://www.fcbco.com/blog/warehouse-layout-design-principles", "id": 60, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "BigRentz, “Forklift Aisle Width Requirements.” Undated in inspected text; separate straight-travel and right-angle-stacking examples", "url": "https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/forklift-aisle-width-requirements-osha-standards-and-planning-guide", "id": 61, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Material Handling USA, forklift aisle-width guide. Undated in inspected text; equipment-category planning guidance", "url": "https://mh-usa.com/blogs/forklift-aisle-width-guide-how-to-size-aisles-for-your-warehouse/", "id": 62, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Cin7, \"Warehouse layout design best practices,\" October 8, 2025; descriptive flow-pattern reference", "url": "https://www.cin7.com/blog/warehouse-layout-design-best-practices/", "id": 63, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Pallite Group, \"warehouse storage | layouts,\" May 12, 2025; descriptive flow-pattern reference", "url": "https://pallitegroup.com/us/news/warehouse-layouts/", "id": 64, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Modula, \"Warehouse Design: Layouts, Principles & Key Trends,\" May 5, 2026; descriptive flow-pattern reference", "url": "https://modula.us/blog/warehouse-design/", "id": 65, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "ANSI Webstore, MHI content-provider listing for ANSI MH16.1-2023, Design, Testing, and Utilization of Industrial Steel Storage Racks. Catalog title/edition checked; full paid text not used to supply dimensions", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/mhia/ansimh162023", "id": 66, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" }, { "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.178, powered industrial trucks; §1910.178(a)(2) identifies the incorporated ANSI B56.1-1969 edition", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.178", "id": 67, "verification_date": "2026-09-11" } ] }